Abstract
Historically, property has been the foundation of the existence of human society and of states at all times. The “Rule of Law” in every democratic state guarantees and protects property. In a chronological period of time, how has the Albanian legal systems guaranteed private property? After the change of dictatorial system caused by the democratic developments during the 90’ which happened in all the East Europe, the democratic state although it wasn’t responsible for the past injustice, took over the moral and legal obligations to adjust, as soon as possible, some of the previous regime injustices, from 29 November 1994 and after. The first step was Law nr.7512 in August 1 st 1991 “For sanctioning and protection of private property, for free initiative independent private activity and privatization”. Two basic elements of this process are: recognition/restitution and compensation of property. Both elements have encountered difficulties in their materialization in practice. The jurisprudence of European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Albania have tried to give the legal definition “restitution and compensation of property” meaning not the same as the right of property in a constitutional sense and rules of international law, but an understanding based on the principle of fairness and justice and more to the principle of the welfare state. An important role had the unification of these decisions, that taking into account the decisions of the European Court of Justice, unified judicial practice in regard to the question of restitution and compensation. Besides the repeated decisions and frequent recommendations as to improve the situation, Albanian state hasn’t built yet appropriate and effective mechanisms for tackling this problem. Keywords : Private property, restitution and compensation of property, jurisprudence, ECHR
Highlights
Article 1 Protocol 1 provides a general right of ownership
Property has been the foundation of the existence of human society and of states at all times
In a chronological period of time, how has the Albanian legal systems guaranteed private property? After the change of dictatorial system caused by the democratic developments during the 90’ which happened in all the East Europe, the democratic state it wasn’t responsible for the past injustice, took over the moral and legal obligations to adjust, as soon as possible, some of the previous regime injustices, from 29 November 1994 and after
Summary
Till Albania has reached democracy, propriety has been the major juridical, economic and social problem. Albania is a member of the European Council, and as a consequence the Court of Strasbourg has condemned the Albanian Government for the numerous problems caused to individuals in this field. This sentences have had and still causes a big economic loss to the Albania State that is impossible to pay. The democratic experience has brought to better laws, but solutions and the bill the State has to pay to individuals is calculate to last for other 15/20 years in order to bring a general social justice
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