Principles of development of the technological process of tillage in arid conditions of the south of Russia

Abstract

In the arid conditions of the southern regions of Russia the cultivated crops experience a lack of moisture. At the same time, the agrotechnical cultivation of the soil becomes important. In a fractured porous massif of the treated soil, there is a loss of moisture from the depth of the reservoir during physical evaporation. Physical evaporation of moisture in dry conditions leads to a drying soil degradation. When loosening only the surface layers, pseudo-scaling of the lower part of the treated layer may occur, leading to hydrolysis degradation of the chernozem soil. Objective: to determine the basic requirements for agrotechnically appropriate technological process of tillage in dry conditions and working bodies for its implementation. The development of the technological process of tillage in dry conditions of the south of Russia should be based on the principles of moisture accumulation inside the reservoir due to the use of thermal diffusion processes. The temperature difference between the layers of the soil inside the reservoir moves the heat flow, contributing to the emergence of the process of thermal diffusion of moisture. To do this, tillage must be done differentially with varying degrees of compaction in layers. During the layer-by-layer processing of the soil inside the reservoir, a moisture accumulating layer is formed due to the combination of both types of heat exchange: insolation and radiation. At a depth of 10-15 cm the flow of moisture available to the root system of crops intersect. This process is carried out by a unified design, developed by the method of the basic unit with common and replaceable parts (subsystems). The combination of subsystems is implemented constructively on a single carrier system according to a certain allocation principle, taking into account the duration of relaxation of the internal stresses of the reservoir, which is 0,09-0,11 s for the black-earth soil in arid conditions. The distance in the longitudinal direction between the subsystem blocks should be at least 0,2 m. In this case, the structures of the working bodies are developed on the basis of the interrelation of the parameters and modes of operation with the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.