The tillage effect on the change of soil structure

Abstract

In the arid conditions of the southern regions of Russia, cultivated crops lack moisture. At the same time, agronomically feasible tillage becomes important. Ecological safety of the environment presumes protecting the land resources from possible negative anthropogenic impact. Humus accumulation decreases due to increasing soil compaction. Soil compaction is a type of physical degradation. Soil degradation occurs as a result of excessive loads. Soil compaction is the cause of increasing erosion processes. In the fractured porous massif of the treated soil, moisture loss from the depth of the formation during physical evaporation is detected. Physical evaporation of moisture in arid conditions leads to desiccant soil degradation. Pseudo-compaction of the lower part of the treated layer can occur when loosening only the surface layers, which leads to hydrolysis degradation of chernozem soil. The factors for the development of man-made soil degradation as a result of its processing by tillage tools of various types are studied, and the results of the studies are presented. Recommendations for reducing their impact on cultivated soil horizons have been developed, and working bodies for reducing the negative impact on the soil have been proposed. The feasibility of flat-cutting processing of the surface soil layer and the deepening of the subsoil layer by chisel working bodies is proved.