Prevalencia de manifestaciones mucocutáneas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

espanolIntroduccion: Las manifestaciones en piel secundarias a dia-betes pueden presentarse como sintomas iniciales de la enfer-medad o preceder a manifestaciones primarias de la misma. Dichas manifestaciones presentan un problema de salud; sin embargo, no se diagnostican en la practica comun. Objetivo:Estimar la prevalencia de manifestaciones mucocutaneas en diabeticos tipo 2. Material y metodos: Estudio descriptivo trans-versal. Se estudiaron 214 pacientes, seleccionados en forma aleatoria simple, de las clinicas de diabetes y cardiometabolico del Hospital General San Juan de Dios, durante 2018 y 2019. Se interrogo sobre antecedentes asociados con manifestaciones cu-taneas y con el dermatologo se realizo evaluacion. Resultados:La edad promedio fue de 61; 80.4% fueron mujeres; 78.5% procedentes de la capital; 41.6% con escolaridad primaria, 16.4% sin escolaridad; 73.4% con hipertension arterial; el valor promedio de hemoglobina glicosilada fue 7.6 y 89.7% tratados con hipoglicemiantes orales. Las manifestaciones cutaneas mas frecuentes fueron infecciones con 53.7%; la mas comun fue micosis en una con 48.6%. El promedio de hemoglobina glicosilada fue mas alto en pacientes con manifestaciones cuta-neas (p = 0.002), con las demas caracteristicas no se encontro asociacion. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones cutaneas son un problema frecuente en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2. Debe mantenerse un control glicemico adecuado, ya que la hiperglicemia esta asociada con manifestaciones mucocutaneas. EnglishIntroduction: The skin manifestations secondary to diabetes can appear as initial symptoms of the disease or precede its primary manifestations. Such manifestations present a health problem; however, they are not diagnosed in common practice. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations in type 2 diabetics. Material and methods:Cross-sectional descriptive study. 214 patients, selected in simple random form, from the diabetes and cardio-metabolic clinics of the General Hospital San Juan de Dios, were studied during 2018 and 2019. They were questioned about antecedents associated with skin manifestations and an evaluation was performed with the dermatologist. Results: The average age was: 61 years; 80.4% were women; 78.5% from the capital; 41.6% with primary schooling, 16.4% without schooling, 73.4% with high blood pressure; the average value of glycosylated hemoglobin was 7.6 and 89.7% treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. The most frequent cutaneous manifestations were infections with 53.7%; the most common was nail mycosis with 48.6%. The average of glycosylated hemoglobin was higher in patients with cutaneous manifestations (p = 0.002), with the other characteristics no association was found. Conclusions:Cutaneous manifestations are a frequent problem in patients with diabetes mellitus 2. Adequate glycemic control must be maintained, as hyperglycemia is associated with mucocutaneous manifestations