Prevalence of Health Issues in Durres Children: Refractive Errors, Caries, and Scoliosis

Abstract

This study evaluates the prevalence of three common health conditions refractive errors, dental caries, and scoliosis-among children aged 6-14 in Durrës, Albania. Recognizing that children’s health issues can have profound effects on their overall well-being and educational performance, this research aims to provide insights into the health needs of the pediatric population in this region. A total of 370 students from five different schools were assessed through a series of clinical screenings, dental evaluations using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and postural examinations. The findings indicate significant variations in the prevalence of these conditions across different schools and between genders. Specifically, refractive errors were found to be more prevalent in boys, particularly myopia, which was observed more frequently at Vincenc Prendushi and Nënë Tereza schools. In contrast, hypermetropia and astigmatism demonstrated similar trends across both genders, highlighting the need for targeted vision screenings and interventions to mitigate these issues. The prevalence of dental caries was notably high at 42%, underscoring the urgent need for improved oral hygiene support, particularly among girls, who exhibited higher rates in some schools. Furthermore, scoliosis was identified in 12% of the assessed children, with a greater incidence among boys. Certain schools had notably higher prevalence rates, suggesting potential links to environmental factors such as classroom ergonomics and physical activity levels. This study emphasizes the importance of regular health screenings and educational interventions to address these prevalent conditions effectively. Additionally, the findings advocate for the development of targeted health policies aimed at improving children’s health outcomes, thereby promoting overall well-being and academic performance. By focusing on preventive measures and raising awareness about these common health issues, this research contributes valuable information to policymakers, educators, and health professionals working to enhance child health in Albania.