Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence of coliforms, antibiotic resistant coliforms and E. coli serotypes in raw milk and some varieties of raw milk cheese in Egypt. One Hundred and twenty samples of raw milk and white soft cheese (salted and unsalted) and hard cheese (Ras) collected from different areas in El Minofia governorate, Egypt were examined. The obtained results declared that coliform members including E. coli, Citrobacter diversus, C. freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. agglomerans, E. cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae sub. spp. ozaenae and K. pneumoniae sub. spp. pneumoniae were isolated at varying percentage from examined samples. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was used to examine bacterial susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents including chloramphenicol, impenem, sulbactam+cefoperazone, ampicillin+sulbactam, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, gentamycin, amikacin, cefoperazone and tetracycline. Some strains showed multidrug resistant phenotype. The previously tested coliform strains, in order, showed resistance to AMC ; SAM & AMC ; AMC & CFP ; AMC & TE and C, AMC, CFP & TE antibiotics, while each showed sensitivity to the other tested antibiotics. The isolated E. coli proved to belong to 5 serotypes; O111:K58 (B9) EHEC, O 124 :K 72 (B 17 ) EIEC, O 119 :K 69 (B 19 ) EPEC, O 55 :k 59 (B 5 ) EPEC and untypable strains. In conclusion, this study provides meaningful data on the incidence of coliforms in raw milk cheese in Egypt and merely underlines the need for implementation of strict hygiene measures in preparation of raw milk cheese in Egypt. The most alarming trend detected in this study was the determination of antibiotic resistant and potentially toxigenic E. coli strains. This discovery makes ongoing surveillance of coliforms a high priority to identify emerging harmful strains within food production.
Highlights
Milk has an outstanding nutritional quality, yet it is an efficient vehicle for transmission of food borne pathogens that pose a serious threat to human health, and constitute about 90% of all dairy related diseases [1]
Some members of coliforms are responsible for the development of objectionable taints in milk and its products rendering them of inferior quality or even unmarketable, certain serotypes of E. coli are associated with gastroenteritis and food poisoning outbreaks [2]
Data in figure 1 showed that the incidence of the isolated coliforms in the examined raw milk samples were E. coli (7/30, 23.33%), Citrobacter diversus (7/30,23.33%), C. freundii (8/30, 26.67%), Enterobacter aerogenes (7/30, 23.33%), E. agglomerans (3/30, 10 %), E. cloacae (4/30, 13.35%), Klebsiella pneumoniae sub. spp. ozaenae (6/30, 20%) and K. pneumonia sub spp. pneumoniae (4/30 13.33%)
Summary
Milk has an outstanding nutritional quality, yet it is an efficient vehicle for transmission of food borne pathogens that pose a serious threat to human health, and constitute about 90% of all dairy related diseases [1]. Some members of coliforms are responsible for the development of objectionable taints in milk and its products rendering them of inferior quality or even unmarketable, certain serotypes of E. coli are associated with gastroenteritis and food poisoning outbreaks [2]. Antibiotic resistant coliforms have increased worldwide that leading to failures in treatment of human infectious diseases and they are a major concern in the anti-infective therapy of both humans and animals. They are considered dangerous healthy, social and economic problem in the world where antibiotic resistance of coliforms have a biological danger, which increases the disease in animals and human [5]. The present study is planned to isolate and identify coliforms, serotyping of isolated E. coli and determination of antibiotic resistance for various members of isolated coliforms
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