PREREQUISITES FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes the prerequisites for the organization of psychological and pedagogical services for children in Ukraine. The study has revealed that the content of psychological and pedagogical work with different categories of children is analyzed in the works of Svitlana Bykasova, Olena Karaman, Liudmyla Mishchyk, Yuri Nagorny, Valentyna Orzhekhovska, Vira Polishchuk, Alla Ryzhanova, Iryna Trubavina, Sergiy Kharchenko, Liudmyla Shtefan and others. The study of scientific and pedagogical materials leads to the conclusion that the organization of children’s psychological and pedagogical services in Ukraine dates back to the second half of the XIX century. Various economic and social factors contributed to this process. The works of foreign (P. Bart, A. Disterweg, D. Dewey, M. Richmond and others) and domestic (P. Kapterev, P. Natorp, V. Preobrazhensky and others) educators influenced greatly the opening of children’s psychological and pedagogical services in Ukraine. In the process of scientific research it was established that one of the first attempts to organize the so-called psychological and pedagogical centres, that operated at all state-sponsored educational institutions, was made under the auspices of the Ministry of Public Education. Another prerequisite for the organization of psychological and pedagogical services for children in Ukraine was the role and activities of parent committees (their approval of teachers’ candidacies, peculiarities of organization of leisure time activities for children - excursions, clubs, group visits to theatres and cinemas). It was during this period that children were taught such values as: personal freedom and independence; initiative; critical attitude to manifestations of social injustice; sense of civic responsibility, etc.The research has proved that a significant contribution to the organization of psychological and pedagogical services for children in the late XIX - early XX century was made by non-governmental philanthropic associations engaged in philanthropic activities.The prerequisites for the organization of psychological and pedagogical services for children in Ukraine also include the establishment of schools for children with special needs – the deaf, blind and mentally retarded - and institutions for juvenile offenders, agricultural colonies and craft shelters for young people, setting of orphanages. The founders of these institutions were “zemstvas” and private charitable societies (Society for Labour Assistance to the Deaf and Dumb, All-Russian Guardianship of the Blind, etc.). At the end of the 19th century, similar shelters existed in Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odessa, Simferopol, Chernihiv, and some other cities in Ukraine.