Abstract
Green synthesis is a clean and eco-friendly process in which metal nanoparticles can be produced by the reaction between a metal salt solution and plant organ extract. In the present study, three copper oxide nanoparticles were green synthesized from the leaf extracts of astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), and mallow (Malva sylvestris) as predominant plant cover in the study area was characterized. The effectiveness of three green synthesized nanoparticles in the adsorption of lead ions from polluted water was studied. According to the results, the removal efficiencies of the copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from astragalus (A-CuO-NPs), rosemary (R-CuO-NPs), and mallow leaf extract (M-CuO-NPs) especially at the highest initial concentration of lead (1.5 mM), were 88.4%, 84.9%, and 69.6%, respectively. Probably due to the smooth morphology and more uniform configuration of the M-CuO-NPs, the changes between equilibrium adsorption (q e) and equilibrium concentration (C e) were more regular than those of the A-CuO-NPs and R-CuO-NPs. Therefore, the best fit of the data to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms belonged to the adsorption of lead onto the M-CuO-NPs. According to the results reported herein, the copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from different plant covers are efficient adsorption agents for lead from wastewaters solution.
Highlights
Nowadays with increasing industrialization of the world, petroleum sectors and sewage landfills are as important factors that cause water pollution by heavy metals [1]
According to the results reported the copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from different plant covers are efficient adsorption agents for Pb from wastewaters
These photos display the agglomerative shapes of the nanoparticles which probably their surfaces and intermediates are filled with other organic compounds that varies depending on plant origin as explained in Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis
Summary
Nowadays with increasing industrialization of the world, petroleum sectors and sewage landfills are as important factors that cause water pollution by heavy metals [1]. Several approaches have been carried out for Pb removal from aqueous solutions such as reduction [7], ion exchange [8], precipitation [9] membrane separation [10] Another method is sorption which is the most common due to its low cost, availability of materials, having no environmental effects and etc [11]. Therefor the main objectives of the present study were (i) to prepare copper oxide nanoparticles from the leaf extracts of three plants as predominant plant cover in our study area through green synthesis approach and (ii) to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles and investigate the effectiveness of the three synthesized nanoparticles for the removal of lead ions from a polluted water
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