Abstract
Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers have been widely studied due to their excellent piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity. In this study, composite films are prepared by adding Ni nanoparticles (0.00–0.3 wt%) into poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP) matrix by solution casting, uniaxial stretching, and high electric field poling. It is found that when the maximum electric field E max for poling is 130 MV m−1, the calibrated open circuit voltage of the pure PVDF–HFP films reaches 3.12 V, which is much higher than those poled by a lower electric field (70 MV m−1: 1.40 V; 90 MV m−1: 2.29 V). This result shows that the effect of poling on the generated output voltage is decisive. By adding 0.1 wt% Ni nanoparticles, it increases to 3.84 V, 23% higher than that of the pure PVDF–HFP films. To further understand the enhancement mechanism, the effects of Ni nanoparticles on initial crystallization, uniaxial stretching, and high electric field poling are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry.
Highlights
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers have been widely studied due to their excellent piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity
It is found that when the maximum electric field Emax = 70 MV m−1, the calibrated open circuit voltage of the pure PVDF–HFP films is 1.41 V [30], and it increases to 2.29 V when Emax = 90 MV m−1 [32]
The maximum electric field Emax is as high as 130 MV m−1 and the calibrated open circuit voltage of the pure PVDF–HFP films reaches 3.12 V, which is much higher than those poled by a lower electric field
Summary
Abstract: Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers have been widely studied due to their excellent piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity. Composite films are prepared by adding Ni nanoparticles (0.00–0.3 wt%) into poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF–HFP) matrix by solution casting, uniaxial stretching, and high electric field poling. At 100 Hz, the maximum dielectric permittivity is ten times that of the noncompressed samples, and the low-frequency dielectric loss can be controlled within the range of 0–0.15 [27] They studied the stretching effects on the PVDF/Ni films and confirmed the threshold elongation ratio in the composites. The effects of Ni nanoparticles on the piezoelectricity of the composite films during the initial crystallization, stretching, and poling processes were studied by XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques
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