Abstract
Advancement of novel electromagnetic inference (EMI) materials is essential in various industries. The purpose of this study is to present a state-of-the-art review on the methods used in the formation of graphene-, metal- and polymer-based composite EMI materials. The study indicates that in graphene- and metal-based composites, the utilization of alternating deposition method provides the highest shielding effectiveness. However, in polymer-based composite, the utilization of chemical vapor deposition method showed the highest shielding effectiveness. Furthermore, this review reveals that there is a gap in the literature in terms of the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods. The results further reveal that within the past half-decade machine learning methods, including artificial neural networks, have brought significant improvement for modelling EMI materials. We identified a research trend in the direction of using advanced forms of machine learning for comparative analysis, research and development employing hybrid and ensemble machine learning methods to deliver higher performance.
Highlights
Electromagnetic pollution is rapidly increasing which affects electronic equipment but is harmful to the environment, ecosystem, and the public health [1]
This study is a review of the formation of graphene, metal, and polymer-based composites via various traditional and artificial intelligence methods
The working on graphene- and metal-based composites as shielding material has existd for a long time, while the addition of polymer-based composites is new and remarkable results have been seen in the field of electromagnetic shielding
Summary
Electromagnetic pollution is rapidly increasing which affects electronic equipment but is harmful to the environment, ecosystem, and the public health [1]. Electromagnetic waves damage human health in various forms such as psychological disorders, affecting the immune system and causing problems in hereditary scenarios, and with time their impact is increasing which requires vital attention [2]. Research on electromagnetic shielding has emerged as early as 1830s by evolving the Faraday’s cage, i.e., an encircling conductive housing shield with zero electric fields [3]. There is a need for appropriate materials that acts as shields to counter electromagnetic waves [4]. Electromagnetic shielding requires a balanced combination between electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and magnetic permeability. It is observed that the material’ morphology and aspect ratio play an important role in electromagnetic shielding and the factors introduced are reflection, absorption, and multiple reflection losses [5,6,7,8]
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