Abstract
The polymer nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades. The remarkable improvement in the polymer nanocomposite is found when a small amount of nanosized particles are added to a polymer matrix. The addition of inorganic solid nanoparticles (typically in the form of fibres, flakes, spheres or fine particles) into polymer matrix increases their physical, structural and mechanical properties. Since the polymer-nano composites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. This leads to focus on preparation & characterization of polymer nanocomposite. This article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. The successful application of nano particles depends upon both the correct preparation techniques followed by testing through characterization. Surface modification can improve the inherent characteristics of the nano particles and serve to prepare nano composites inexistent in nature. Therefore, some tools as their various properties like electrical, optical and morphological can be used to optimize the preparation of polymer nano composites. This chapter will make an overview about different routes to prepare polymer-based nano composites by extrusion, synthesis of nano particles by sol-gel reactions, sputtering and mainly by physical evaporation deposition method.
Highlights
The successful applications of nanoparticles depend upon both the synthesis and the surface modification of these nano composite by enhancing their inherent characteristics to prepare new nano composites [3]
The results show that the chemical nature and morphology of the copper nanofillers have great effect on the antibacterial activity
Charecterisation process leads to confirmation of silver embedded into polymer composite
Summary
Hybrid materials (organic & inorganic) with at least one dimension of the filler phase less than 100 nm (nanoparticles) [1]. In the field of material science, an organic phase (generally, polymers) is combined with inorganic particles (metal nano particles) with considerable interest in last two to three decades. This arises interest for the addition of well dispersed particles (typically in the form of fibres, flakes, spheres or fine particles) in the polymer matrix and allows the development of new materials with tailored-made properties. Nanocomposites are composed by solid structures dispersed at the nano scale in a matrix, in the case of polymers, typically an organic matrix containing inorganic nanoparticles. In order to claim the formation of nano-polymer matrix composites, synthesis, modification of nanoparticles, characterization and applications of nano-polymer matrix composites were significantly discussed
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