Predictive Roles of Reproductive Hormones in Screening Human Males with Oligo Spermia

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Objective; Evaluation of the roles of testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin hormone indicators in the pathophysiology of patients with oligozoospermia. Methods: This investigation was applied in Baghdad, Iraq, on people with oligozoospermia from June to September 2024. Fifty blood samples were collected from patients visiting outpatient clinics after being examined by a specialist (gynecologist). In addition, forty samples were taken from healthy individuals and considered as a control group. All hormones were measured in the study groups using the Snibe Maglumi 800 machine. SPSS v. 23.0 and Prism v. 6 statistical software programs were used for the analysis of our results. Results; The present findings indicated that most patients fall within the age groups 21–30 years (28.0%), 31–40 years (22.0%), and 41–50 years (20.0%), while a smaller percentage fall within the ≤20 years (8.0%) and >60 years (10.0%) groups. LH, FSH, and prolactin levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) in patients compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, testosterone levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in patients compared to healthy individuals. ROC curve results showed that FSH achieved the highest sensitivity and specificity (71% and 75%), followed by prolactin (70% and 73%), testosterone (68% and 66%), and LH hormone (62% and 55%) at cutoff values of 7.12, 10.25, 1.965, and 5.25, respectively, in screening patients with oligozoospermia, with significant differences (p<0.05). There were positive and negative correlations among sexual hormones in oligozoospermia patients; however, these relationships were not significant (p>0.05). Finally, we found no significant variations (p>0.05) in the levels of sexual hormones across the age groups of patients. Conclusion: The investigation revealed LH, FSH, and Prolactin levels were significantly increased, while testosterone levels were significantly decreased. ROC curve showed FSH scored the highest sensitivity and specificity, followed by Prolactin, testosterone, and lastly LH. In addition, there is no significant positive or negative correlation among reproduction hormones in oligozoospermia patients. There is no significant correlation between age and level of reproductive hormones.