Abstract
The textile industry plays a major part in the economy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, the environmental impact of textile dyeing and wastewater discharge has become a growing concern in the region. This study addressed this issue by identifying and characterizing azo dye degrading enzymes that can be used in bioremediation strategies. Six enzymes, namely Thiol reductase, Thiol peroxidase, Alkene reductase, NADH-oxidoreductase, Oxidoreductase, and Sulfite reductase, were identified through a literature review and used as queries in BLASTp to search for homologous enzymes from Bacillus cereus, Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus acidicola, and Paenibacillus alvei. The physicochemical characteristics and subcellular distribution of these enzymes were determined using online tools. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate the evolutionary connection of these enzymes across different bacterial species. Additionally, gene structure and motif analysis were conducted to gain insights into functional motifs and gene organization of these enzymes. Domain prediction and protein–protein interaction analysis were carried out to identify conserved domains and potential protein interactions. The outcomes of this study offer valuable understandings on prospect of azo dye degrading enzymes for bioremediation strategies in the KSA textile industry, which is in agreement with the future Vision 2030 strategy. The identified enzymes and their homologs from other microbial genomes represent promising candidates for further experimental validation and utilization in bioremediation processes. Moreover, they contribute to the development of effective bioremediation strategies for the textile industry in the KSA region. Overall, this study enhances our understanding on azo dye degrading enzymes and their potential uses in the textile industry, particularly in the context of KSA.
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