Potencial terapêutico de fitoconstituintes de Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew. e da própolis na doença de Alzheimer: uma Revisão Integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions, for which the available pharmacotherapy is not capable of effecting a cure. Objectives: To investigate the neuroprotective properties of phytoconstituents from Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus) and propolis as potential agents in the therapy of AD. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review study, in which the PICO strategy was followed in formulating the guiding question. Five databases were used: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Lilacs. The analysis was conducted with the descriptors "epiisopiloturine", "episopilosin", "pilocarpine", "macaubine", "propolis", "alzheimer" extracted from the DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Keywords were isolated and combined using boolean operators AND and OR. Results: The search resulted in 602 studies identified in the databases, 337 were duplicates, leaving 265 for title and abstract reading, of which 250 were excluded. In the end, 10 studies were read in full and 08 studies were included in the scope of the review. The research evidenced neuroprotective activity for propolis, through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase action, configuring it with therapeutic potential in AD. For pilocarpine, a substance with various clinical applications, few studies demonstrated a correlation with AD, in cognitive and behavioral improvement. Conclusion: Therefore, benefits for the use of propolis in cognitive dysfunctions are concluded, while for pilocarpine, this relationship was not established. It is necessary to develop research that elucidates the possible functional roles for these substances.