POSSIBILITIES OF RADIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA IN NEWBORNS

Abstract

The features of X-ray semiotics in pneumonia in newborns were evaluated depending on the gestational age at birth. Conducted clinical and radiological examination of newborns with pneumonia. Plain chest radiography was used from radiographic methods. In the group of full-term newborns without signs of intrauterine growth retardation with pneumonia, changes prevailed that were mainly characteristic of the I degree of severity of the respiratory distress syndrome, namely, miliary spotting, limited low-intensity inhomogeneous darkening, blurry nodose-reticular mesh, and a distinguishable "air bronchogram". In full-term newborns with signs of intrauterine growth retardation, changes characteristic of I and II degrees of severity of the respiratory distress syndrome prevailed in equal proportions, that is, a decrease in pneumatization, coarse randomly scattered areas of lung tissue compaction and "air bronchograms". In preterm newborns, depending on the depth of prematurity, and possibly due to a short-term clinically asymptomatic onset, in most cases, II and III degrees of severity of the respiratory distress syndrome were noted at admission: a pronounced decrease in pneumatization (“frosted glass”), smoothing of the pulmonary-diaphragmatic and pulmonary -cardiac border (positive "silhouette" symptom), air bronchograms. The distribution of children according to clinical and radiological signs depends on gestational age, and atelectatic pneumonia is most often recorded in premature babies against the background of morphofunctional immaturity of the lungs. The deeper the prematurity, the more pronounced the influence of immature lung tissue on the occurrence and course of the inflammatory process in the lungs, and the inflammatory process becomes rapid, spreading to a large area of ​​the lungs.