Porphyrin MOF-Derived Porous Carbons: Preparation and Applications

Flávio Figueira,Filipe A Almeida Paz

doi:10.3390/c7020047

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials with permanent porosity, composed of metal nodes and organic linkers whose well-ordered arrangement enables them to act as ideal templates to produce materials with a uniform distribution of heteroatom and metal elements. The hybrid nature of MOFs, well-defined pore structure, large surface area and tunable chemical composition of their precursors, led to the preparation of various MOF-derived porous carbons with controlled structures and compositions bearing some of the unique structural properties of the parent networks. In this regard, an important class of MOFs constructed with porphyrin ligands were described, playing significant roles in the metal distribution within the porous carbon material. The most striking early achievements using porphyrin-based MOF porous carbons are here summarized, including preparation methods and their transformation into materials for electrochemical reactions.

Highlights

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials formed by organic ligands and metal ions/clusters exhibiting, as a whole, remarkable properties which include large internal surface areas, porosity, unsaturated and accessible metal sites, functional diversity, and adjustable structure and compositions [1,2]
A great number of challenges still have to be surpassed before these materials achieve enough maturity for real application in electrocatalysis
There are a vast number of parameters to control, and more studies need to be taken into account before real structure-affinity conclusions can be made on the porous carbons (PCs) materials here described derived from porphyrin-based MOFs

Summary

Introduction

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid materials formed by organic ligands and metal ions/clusters exhibiting, as a whole, remarkable properties which include large internal surface areas, porosity, unsaturated and accessible metal sites, functional diversity, and adjustable structure and compositions [1,2]. 224-derived PCs showed shallow BET surface areas and confirmed, by SEM and TEM, products from ZrPCN-222 and ZrPCN-224 at two different temperatures (1000 and 800 ◦ C), that carbonized products from ZrPCN-222 and ZrPCN-224 at two different temperatures aside from a small shrinkage behavior, inherited the rod and cubic morphologies from the (1000 and 800 °C), aside from a small shrinkage behavior, inherited the rod and cubic parent MOFs (Figure 4).

Metal MOF-Derived PC Materials

Schematic

Bimetallic

Findings

Conclusions