Abstract
Biomaterials are natural or synthetic, alive or lifeless, and usually made of multiple components that interact with biological systems. In this article, it has been reported the applications of porous biomaterials in living bodies and its biocompatibility. Biocompatibility is related to the behaviour of biomaterials in various environments under various chemical and physical conditions. The term may refer to specific properties of a material without specifying where or how the material is to be used. Here, declared different types of biomaterials and their fabrication methods. And also studied various applications of porous biomaterials in medical and biological sciences. Now a day, biomaterials are used to make devices to replace a part or a function of the body with the help of advance surgical technique and instruments in safe, reliably economically and physiologically acceptable manner. This study also reported that the biomaterials comprise a varieties of properties such as biocompatible, bioactive, surface reactive, biodegradable, sterilizability, adequate mechanical and physical properties, manufacture ability, low weight and reasonable cost etc. The main focuses of this review was the applications of biomaterials in different parts of body. Replacement parts were heart, lung, eye, ear, bone, kidney, bladder, nerve stimulator and dental applications. Therefore, this article is focusing on three specific topics such as classification, fabrication methods and suitable implant applications in advances medical science.
Highlights
This review article was discussed the function of porous biomaterials in advance medical sciences
Porous metals with an interconnected pore structure are of particular interest for orthopaedic implant applications due to their potential ability to facilitate tissue ingrowth
Synthetic polymeric porous biomaterials have been commonly used in prosthetic materials, dental materials, medical disposable supplies, extra corporeal devices, implants, dressings, encapsulates, polymeric drug delivery systems, tissue engineered products and ortho doses like those of metal and ceramics substituents
Summary
This review article was discussed the function of porous biomaterials in advance medical sciences. Total porosity of the porous biomaterials has negative effect on its mechanical properties. Total porosity alone does not have a direct connection with tissue in growth, as pore size and pore interconnectivity is more important for Mosammat Jesmin Sultana, Fazle Rabbi Shakil Ahmed. Each porous material might have three types of pores such as closed, through and blind pores. Porosity that includes closed pores has a great impudence on mechanical properties of a material, open porosity has its direct impact in the possibility of penetration desired and undesired fluids, cells or bacteria. Porous metals with an interconnected pore structure are of particular interest for orthopaedic implant applications due to their potential ability to facilitate tissue ingrowth. A porous surface improves mechanical interlocking between the implant biomaterial and the surrounding natural tissue, providing greater mechanical stability at this critical interface
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