Abstract
A 3-D popup frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented that can be tuned by the amount of strain due to mechanical loading in its elastomeric substrate. The proposed FSS structure comprises periodic 2-D crossed dipoles attached to the substrate at selective bonding sites. Strain release in the substrate induces compressive stress in the attached FSS, converting it to a 3-D periodic pattern. With the out-of-plane displacement, the interaction with the incident field and mutual interactions between the elements are altered, resulting in a resonant frequency shift and a more stable response regarding the incident angles from 0° to 45°. A design of popup FSS structure is introduced for strain sensing applications. The potential sensor can measure up to 50% strain in the substrate by frequency down-shift from 3.1 to 2.4 GHz. Multiphysics finite element method modeling of the mechanical and RF simulation was in good correlation with the experimental data and demonstrates the potential of these structures as sensors.
Highlights
Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) called spatial filters are periodic arrangements of metal patches or perforated metal screen elements usually on a dielectric substrate
Electronic tuning has many benefits, it suffers from several disadvantages, especially for large area FSSs, as it requires lots of controlling lumped elements for each unit cell as well as bias circuits to ensure RF/DC isolation
Step two: Mechanics simulation using the structural mechanics module to model the unit cell deformation for up to 50% strain in the substrate
Summary
Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) called spatial filters are periodic arrangements of metal patches or perforated metal screen elements usually on a dielectric substrate. These repetitive structures can modify the incident electromagnetic radiation by completely or partially transmitting (pass-band) or reflecting (stop-band) depending on the nature of the array element [1]. Other researchers [4,5,6] obtained tunability by integrating stimuli-responsive substrates such as liquid crystals and ferrites into the FSS structures In this way, a resonant frequency shift was achieved by changing the electrical properties of the substrate in exposure to external excitation.
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