Populações de insetos-praga: diversidade e similaridade em cultura agrícola

Abstract

The anthropic actions expressed by conventional-modern agriculture greatly alter the environment, interfering with the balance of natural processes and making its recovery mechanisms precarious. Thus, the interest in the use of microorganisms in agricultural practices has increased significantly in recent years, both in promoting plant growth and in the biological control of plant pests and diseases. The objective of the present work was to identify the insect pest population in the cucumber crop after foliar application of effective microorganisms (EM). The experiment was carried out in a rural family farm located in the city of São Sebastião-AL. Yellow (4) and blue (4) adhesive plates were used in a usable area of ​​128.8 m2. EM was diluted at a concentration of 4.7% and the applied dose was 50 mL/plant. Six collections were carried out, from December 2020 to February 2021. The individuals sampled were screened and identified at the level of class, order, family and when identified as a pest, at the level of gender. A total of 1301 invertebrate individuals of the Insecta and Arachnida classes were collected. Of these, 55.11% were identified as pest insects and 44.8% as visiting arthropods. The taxon that presented the highest relative frequency was the order Diptera (30.6%) followed by the orders Hemiptera (25.4%), Hymenoptera (24%), Coleoptera (13%), Lepidoptera (5.7%), Araneae (0.8%) and Odonata (0.5%). The pests were representatives of the genera Diabrotica spp, Anastrepha spp, Myzus spp, Bemisia spp, Atta spp and Diaphania spp. 24.7% of the visiting arthropods were predators. The arthropod population increase occurred from the 40th day after planting, with growth peak at the 57th day.