EDUCATION IN BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL AT KVL

Abstract

1. Competence Why should we be concerned about education in biological control? It can be argued that most people working with this subject (scientists, extension officers etc.) do not need a particular education, but need solely a strong background in one discipline relevant for their particular approach. For example, scientists can have a background in applied entomology, plant pathology, microbial fermentation or legislation. At many universities worldwide biological control is one among other elements to be taught at courses in applied entomology, plant pathology or weed control. Students are provided with an overview, for example by having a lecture or two on the subject. Such overview lectures are mostly closely related to the application of biological control and can be excellent introductions to the subject. Such introductory lectures will potentially stimulate students to learn much more in depth and thus to obtain real qualifications in biological control. We believe that education at the university level in biological control has not yet reached its potential, but should be devoted much more attention as a subject in its own right. Students should get a chance not only to get a brief overview, but they should be able to understand fully the concept and practical possibilities. Also, we believe that the strict separation between biological control of pest insects, plant diseases and weeds is a hindrance for future scientists and other people involved in the protection of plants and husbandry, to develop a broad perspective on biological control. Therefore, we suggest that education in biological control should be based on a strong, broad view, and that this education should include as much as possible biological control of both pest insects (and other invertebrates), plant diseases and weeds. Education in biological control must be closely linked to the needs of the end-users, but should also include significant aspects of fundamental interest. At the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University (KVL) in Denmark, overview lectures on biological control have been given for many years. Since 1988 our student have had the opportunity to choose courses devoted solely to biological control and thus to obtain defined competences in biological control. The first course was a laboratory course in biological control of insects, later a laboratory course in biological control of plant diseases and a theoretical lecture course in biological control of insect pests, plant diseases and weeds were added. The following describes the most important experience we have obtained over these years by having laboratory and lecture courses.