Abstract
The interest in the use of microorganisms in agricultural practices has increased significantly in recent years, both in the promotion of plant growth and in the biological control of plant pests and diseases. This literature review work aimed to address information on the use of isolation, multiplication, use and storage methodologies for efficient microorganisms (Effective Microorganisms, EM) in agriculture. These microorganisms have important functions for their hosts, as they have symbiotic interactions with them, and are capable of protecting plants from attack by insects, diseases and herbivorous mammals through the production of toxins. The use of EM in agriculture aims to accelerate the natural composition of organic matter and promote the balance of microbial flora contributing to plant development. EMs are potential substitutes for chemical products, and can thus favor the preservation of the environment. They are collected from fertile forest soils through simple and inexpensive methodologies, consisting of a tool with potential to be used both by family farmers and on a small and large scale. They can be used in different ways, the main ones being in soil, plant, water and animals. The use of EM is an accessible and low-cost technique, in addition to being easy to prepare within the property itself, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural systems.
Highlights
The modernization of agriculture began in the mid-1960s and provided an increase in the productivity of Brazilian crops
They are called efficient microorganisms (Effective Microorganisms, EM), a microbial community formed by fungi and bacteria from forest soils and with beneficial potential for plant development (Teixeira et al, 2017)
The present study is a systematic bibliographic review in different scientific electronic databases, through descriptors related to the isolation and production of microorganisms “On Farm” in Brazil
Summary
The modernization of agriculture began in the mid-1960s and provided an increase in the productivity of Brazilian crops. Knowing that natural resources are limited, more sustainable food production methods are essential to ensure food security for the constantly growing population (Gabardo et al, 2020; EMBRAPA, 2021; Macoski et al, 2021; Clock et al, 2021) In this way, the microorganisms present in the soil can be used as a tool to provide nutrients and protect plants against pathogens. New research results are always needed and have helped to improve small and large-scale production, formulation, storage and field application techniques (Alves & Faria, 2010) Within this context, the objective of this work was to gather information on the use of isolation and activation methodologies and the use of efficient microorganisms, to obtain, in a simple and systemic way, their production, contributing to the rational and sustainable control of pests and diseases farmers in the region and the future prospects of this biotech tool
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