Polyploidy induction in Physalis alkekengi

Gustavo C Santos,Felipe P Cardoso,Moacir Pasqual,Filipe A Rodrigues,Renata A L S Rezende,José Magno Queiroz Luz,Adalvan Daniel Martins,Paulo Cossani,Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares

doi:10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-47729

Gustavo C Santos, Felipe P Cardoso + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-47729

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Abstract

Physalis alkekengi is an ornamental plant that can also be used as a medicinal plant due to its anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antitumor and fungicidal properties. Polyploidization can be an important tool in the genetic improvement of this species. The objective this work was to obtain tetraploids in vitro and to evaluate the phytotechnical traits of P. alkekengi. For this, nodal segments of P. alkekengi var. Franchettii were inoculated into petri dishes containing 100 ml of MS medium supplemented with colchicine at concentrations 0; 0.04; 0.08; 0.12; and 0.16% and kept in the dark for 24 and 48h. After the respective treatment periods with colchicine the segments were inoculated into test tubes. The tetraploids were identified by flow cytometry and classical cytogenetics. In vitro seedlings were measured: root length, nodal segment length, leaflet number and total leaf area. In the acclimatization phase, the area of the second leaf and total leaf, petiole radius, stem length, fruit weight with calyx, without calyx, fruit diameter, number of seeds and brix of the pulp were evaluated. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, total chlorophyll / total carotenoid ratio and chlorophyll a / b ratio were also estimated. The treatment that most produced tetraploid seedlings was with 0.08% colchicine per 24h. No significant difference was observed in 7 (seven) variables, these being all variables of photopigments, stem diameter (steam) and brix. In general, diploid (2x) plants were better in 9 (nine) while tetraploid seedlings were better in 6 (six) of the phytotechnical variables. It was concluded that the MS medium supplemented with 0.08% colchicine for 24 h allowed P. alkekengi tetraploides to be obtained with better phytotechnical qualities.

Highlights

Physalis alkekengi is a plant of the family Solanaceae that can be identified by an additional chalice of bright orange color covering the small fruit and by flowers with white and lobed corolla (WANG et al, 2014)
This reduction in tetraploid obtainment time may be the result of the use of nodal segments instead of the apical buds used by Nakamura, Matsuo and Ooyabu (2007)
MS medium supplemented with 0.08% colchicine for 24 h allowed to obtain P. alkekengi tetraploides

Summary

Introduction

Physalis alkekengi is a plant of the family Solanaceae that can be identified by an additional chalice of bright orange color covering the small fruit and by flowers with white and lobed corolla (WANG et al, 2014). The main varieties are alkekengi and franchetii, the latter with larger fruits and with distinct spots at the base (WANG, 2014). The main application of the franchetii variety is ornamental (POPA-MITROI et al, 2012), but there is a growing interest in its medicinal application due to its anti-inflammatory (HONG, 2015) bactericidal properties (ZHANG, 2016), antitumor (LI et al, 2014) and fungicides (TORABZADEH; PANAHI, 2013). There are several protocols for polyploidization, and their in vitro realization is an excellent way to obtain tetraploid clones and to evaluate them always maintaining a copy (OLIVEIRA et al, 2013). Their occurrence may result in characteristics beneficial to the plant such as drought tolerance (MANZANEDA et al, 2012). Polyploidy leads to changes in the anatomical and phytotechnical characteristics of the plants (TAVAN; MIRJALILI ; KARIMZADEH , 2015)

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