添加特定光譜照明處理對蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’) 組培幼苗生長與發育之影響

Abstract

Orchids have become the second most valuable flowering potted crop in the United States, with wholesale sales in 2003 reported at more than $120 million. Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important ornamental crop as cut flower and potted plants in the world. The production has been notably in Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States. Many young plants are propagated by tissue culture in the Netherlands, Taiwan and Thailand, and then exported to other countries (including the United States) for subsequent growth and flowering. The light is one of the most important factors influencing plant growth. The objectives of this study were to explore the growth of Phalaenopsis under different light qualities, to investigate the physiological responses of pigments and to observe the effects of CO2 rhythm on various stages of Phalaenopsis seedlings. The seedling were clearly indentified into three stages (I,II and III) by their perspective CO2 rhythms. Flask seedling of Phalaenopsis was examined under seven different light qualities; White T8, White T5, T5+Red (610 nm), T5+Red (658 nm), T5+Blue (440 nm), T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm), and T5+Red (658 nm) +Blue (440 nm). The results showed that, from stage I the concentration of CO2 rhythm were between 1500-1800ppm. And when seedlings grew up, the CO2 rhythm were decreased until they become stage III (CAM plant). The CO2 rhythm of stage III was decreased to 400-800ppm with the CO2 rhythm lower in the night time (fix CO2 in the night time). The seedling under different light treatments showed different respond patterns: seedling stage I were changed to stage III after 6-9 month depend on various light treatments. And, seedling 6 month old under treatment supplemented with Blue (440nm) grew slower. The results from stage I showed that for growth characters there were significant differences among treatments on the number of root, average leaf area, chlorophyll a, b contents, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Seedlings under T5+Red (658 nm) treatment showed significant higher number of roots and average leaf area. Also, it showed higher fresh weight, dry weight, average root length and anthocyanin content but were not significant. T8 treatment showed significant higher carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. For chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were significant higher responses on T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) treatment together with starch content. However, T5+Blue (440 nm) showed significant higher chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. For stage II results showed that there were significant differences among treatments on number of leaf, plant height, root number, average leaf area, root fresh weight, total plant fresh weight (root stem and leaf), chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and nitrogen. Seedlings under White T5+Blue (440 nm) treatment showed higher respond on number of leaf, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid but less leaf area. Seedlings under White T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) treatment showed significant higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid but smaller total leaf area. But, seedling under White T5+Red (658 nm) showed higher stem and leaf fresh weight, stem and leaf dry weight, stem and root dry weight and root dry weight. For stage III, significant differences were found on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid under White T5+Blue (440 nm) as compared with other treatments. For starch content and plant height significantly higher responses were found under White T8. These studies in stage I showed that seedlings cultured under T5+Red (658 nm) had generally better growth responses. Stage II showed more responses to T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) and T5+Blue (440 nm). Stage III showed better growth responds on White T5+Blue (440 nm). But, for pigment content responses from stage I: T8 was better; stage II: White T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) and stage III :T5 +Blue (440 nm). Thus in this study it showed that at different seedling stages the growth and physiological responses of Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ under different light environments were different. And, different strategies of light supplement should be applied to enhance Phalaenopsis growth for commercial production.