Abstract
The problems of synthesis, structure and physico-chemical properties of synthetic liquid crystalline polymers whose macromolecules contain mesogenic fragments in the side chains are discussed. A detailed structural analysis of these polymers which form SA, SB, SC, SF, and other straight and inclined smectic phases is given, along with ferroelectric properties. Structural transformations in these polymers influenced by temperature and external mechanical and electrical fields cause polymorphism of liquid crystalline polymers including reversible transition from smectic to nematic phase. Conformational transitions and relaxational processes in nematic polymers by the action of an electrical field including phenomena of electrohydrodynamical instability and recording and storage of information are discussed. Attention is paid to the polymers of cholesteric structure which can be obtained by inducement of helicity due to the copolymerization of chiral monomers with comb-like systems for which nematic phase in polymeric state is typical. Optical properties of these polymers, degree of helicity, helix pitch and the wavelength of the selective reflection of the light can be regulated in wide limits using a synthetic approach, temperature, and electrical field influence.
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