Abstract
This study evaluated the physiological quality and quantified the efficiency of polymer in reducing the loss of phytosanitary products by leaching from soybean seeds of different diameters and in different treatments. Two lots of seed and two types of treatments were tested: polymers associated with seed treatment, and polymer application in layers after the seed treatment. For that, the following treatments were analyzed: Control= no seed treatment; Treat+pol= seed treatment + polymers in the mix; Treat/pol= seed treatment + polymers applied in layers; Treat= seed treatment. To evaluate seed treatment retention by the polymers, extraction equipment was employed and leaching of the active ingredient thiamethoxam was quantified. Evaluation of physical quality was conducted with tests of germination rate, first count, emergence rate, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry mass and moisture content. Polymer application associated with seed treatment was efficient in reducing losses by leaching, reducing product loss by 20%. No significant differences in retention and physiological quality were found when different methods for polymer application were compared. Bigger seeds presented greater vigor, but the germination rate was unaffected.
Highlights
The establishment of soybean seedling in the field is a critical step for achieving success in the following growth phases of the crop
The products were applied using two methods: polymers in association with seed treatment in the same mix; and polymer applied in a different mix after the seed treatment, which resulted in a layer treatment
For estimating the amount of active ingredient on the seeds (Table 2), a calculation was done using the concentration of the active ingredient in the commercial product and in the mix applied on the seeds, and the weight of 1,000 seeds from the two loots
Summary
The establishment of soybean seedling in the field is a critical step for achieving success in the following growth phases of the crop. Seed film coating is a method in which seeds are covered with polymers that increase the adherence of chemicals, thereby reducing risks of environmental contamination, formation of dust, attacks by fungi and moisture absorption during storage (Accinelli et al, 2016; Avelar et al, 2012; Vijaya Mahantesh et al, 2017). According to Carvalho and Nakagawa (2012), seed size has no influence on germination, but affects seedling vigor. These authors reported that larger seeds originated more vigorous seedlings and might result in superior stands in fields with variable conditions. The present work evaluated physiological quality and quantified the efficiency of a polymer in retaining chemicals on soybean seeds of different diameters and treated by different methods
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