Abstract
Molecular mass characteristics of samples of ionic biopolymers, including chitosan and fibroin, the manifestation of physical conditions depending on the concentration of macroions, and hydrodynamic, rheological methods were used in the implementation of these studies. These processes depend on the fact that ionic polymers exhibit viscosity in relation to their molecular mass and are sensitive to the effects of the electric field at the expense of ionogenic groups. In order to determine this, the results of studies on the molecular characteristics of basic polymer objects were discussed. When polyelectrolytes are affected by external forces, including mechanical or electrical stresses, gradient fields are created, and macroions move along the lines of force of these fields. Such fields are observed, for example, when a liquid flows from a capillary under mechanical pressure, when the liquid is turned into a stable laminar flow using a rotor, or when ions and macroions move towards the poles (electrodes) during electrophoresis and electrolysis. In general, in the gradient field created under the influence of mechanical influence, the macroions move along the lines of force in rotation and advance, while in the gradient field created under the influence of electric voltage, the functional groups of macroions move towards the anode or cathode as anions or cations. The reason for the choice of poles is the sensitivity of anions or cations to the effect of an electric field.
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