Abstract
Polycnemum majus A. Br. (Chenopodiaceae) represents one of the Euro-Asian species disappearing as a consequence of man's activities. The paper presents a brief survey of its morphology, distribution (with emphasis on the W part of Czechoslovakia), and taxonomy. The ecological characterization of communities with occurrence ofP. majus is given. From the karyological point of view,P. majus represents a further case of hexaploidy in theChenopodiaceae family, hitherto known in approximately 10% of genera. The basic chromosome number of x=9 is proposed, with respect to chromosome numbers ascertained inP. majus for the first time (2n=54) and inP. arvense (2n=18). The annual hexaploid speciesP. majus was proved to be potentially self-fertile.
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