Abstract
Genetic material in plants is distributed into the nucleus, plastids, and mitochondria. Plastid has a central role of carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. Plastid transformation is an advantage to nuclear gene transformation due to higher expression of transgenes, absence of gene silencing and position effect, and transgene containment by maternal inheritance, i.e., plastid gene inheritance via seed not by pollen prevents transmission of foreign DNA to wild relatives. Thus, plastid transformation is a viable alternative to conventional nuclear transformation. Many genes encoding for industrially important proteins and vaccines, as well as genes conferring important agronomic traits, have been stably integrated and expressed in the plastid genome. Despite these advances, it remains a challenge to achieve plastid transformation in non-green tissues and recalcitrant crops regenerating via somatic embryos. In this chapter, we have summarized the basic requirements of plastid genetic engineering and discuss the current status and futuristic potential of plastid transformation.
Published Version
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