Abstract

A time-resolved Raman system was developed to study the picosecond reaction dynamics of energy and information transducing proteins. This system is based on a 1 kHz Nd : YLF-pumped Ti-sapphire regenerative amplifier that delivers picosecond pump and probe pulses with high temporal and spectral resolution. Using second-harmonic generation and Raman shifting, near transform-limited picosecond pulses are generated at wavelengths ranging from the UV to the near-infrared (190–850 nm) with ∼2 ps temporal width. This laser system, together with a CCD-detected spectrograph, facilitates the performance of picosecond Raman experiments over a much wider range of pump and probe wavelengths than previously possible with low repetition rate amplified dye laser systems. The construction and performance of the laser system is presented first, then single-pulse and two-color, pump–probe experiments examining the primary reaction dynamics of the visual protein rhodopsin are presented to illustrate the system performance. The strong characteristic hydrogen out-of-plane modes of the bathorhodopsin photoproduct are observed at 850, 873 and 920 cm−1 in the shortest time resolution data. This demonstrates that the trans-bathorhodopsin retinal chromophore structure is completely formed in <2 ps after photoexcitation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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