Abstract
This study aimed to determine the possibility to increase the the effect of different amendments (compost, bentonite and zeolite) on the shoot yield and the concentration of trace elements in shoots of maize (Zea mays L.) on soil contaminated with Cu. The yield of shoots and concentration of the trace elements in shoots of maize depended on Cu dose and amendment incorporation into the sandy soil. Cu-spiked soil caused an increase the yield of shoots (only to 100 mg Cu/kg of soil), in the concentration of Cu, Co, Mn, Ni and Fe in shoots of maize and, to a smaller degree, in the concentration of Zn and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all elements except copper, compared to the control soil without Cu. Under the influence of 150 and 200 mg Cu per kg of soil, a decrease in yield of shoots of maize was observed. Compost, bentonite and zeolite increased the yield of shoots and reduced the concentration of Cu, Co, Mn, Fe and Zn in shoots of maize. Bentonite had a more positive effect than compost and zeolite on the yield of shoots and the concentration of Co, Mn and Zn in shoots of maize. The effect of these amendments on the Cu and Fe concentration in shoots of maize was reverse. A reverse effect of these amendments (especially bentonite and zeolite) on the Ni concentration in plants was observed. The amendments applied to soil, especially compost, increased the BCF of Ni and, to a small degree, BCF of Cu in shoots of maize, compared to the control series. Compost, zeolite and especially bentonite are very good amendments in the restoration of maize growth in polluted areas.
Highlights
Growing industrialisation and the associated increased demand for energy is closely related to the need for a systematic energy supply to meet the needs of both industry and the population [1].In the structure of energy generation in most countries worldwide, solid and liquid fuels are dominant, while the percentage of renewable energy sources, still on an increase, is, insufficient [2]
This study aimed at determining the possibility to increase the effect of different amendments on the shoot yield and of the concentration of trace elements in shoots of maize (Zea mays L.) on the soil contaminated with Cu
The effect of increasing soil Cu contamination in quantities of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg Cu/kg was tested on maize (Zea mays L.) of the San variety
Summary
In the structure of energy generation in most countries worldwide, solid and liquid fuels are dominant, while the percentage of renewable energy sources, still on an increase, is, insufficient [2]. The combustion of fuels, solid fuels, generates pollutants that are emitted into the air and pollute the environment, especially the soil [3,4]. Other important sources of pollution include transport, especially road transport, and other non-specific urban sources [5]. The cultivation of plants on contaminated soils entails an excessive uptake of more mobile trace elements (e.g., Cd, Ni, Cr(VI), Cu and Zn) and other contaminants by plants [3,7]. The trace elements most toxic to the environment include Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu
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