Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the current investigation was to identify bioactive secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpinedes, and steroids and compare the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant profile of the juice extracted from the fruits of Citrus sinensis, Citrus anrantifolia, and Citrus limonum.ResultsPhytochemical screening is important for the isolation of new, novel, and rare secondary metabolites before bulk extraction. Phytochemical analysis of the desired plant fruits of family Rutaceae revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, reducing sugars, steroids, terpinedes and tannins. The fruits of C. sinensis and C. anrantifolia exhibited the presence of phenols, flavonoids, reducing sugars, steroids, terpinedes and tannins, while the fruits of C. limonum indicated the presence of phenols, flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpinedes, and tannins. The fruits of selected plants were also subjected to antioxidant potential by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay against ascorbic acid at various concentrations. Among the tested plants, C. sinensis showed promising antiradical effect (84.81%) which was followed by C. Anrantifolia (80.05%) at 100 μg/ml against ascorbic acid (96.36%). The C. limonum showed low antioxidant activity among the three selected plants of family Rutaceae.ConclusionsThe current finding is baseline information in the use of the fruits of selected plants as food supplement which may be due to the presence of antioxidant molecules in the family Rutaceae. Further research is needed in this area to isolate the phenolic constituents which possess ideal antiradical potential.
Highlights
The aim of the current investigation was to identify bioactive secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpinedes, and steroids and compare the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant profile of the juice extracted from the fruits of Citrus sinensis, Citrus anrantifolia, and Citrus limonum
Plant collection The fresh fruits of C. sinensis, C. anrantifolia, and C. limonum were collected from the garden of Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Extraction The fresh Juices of C. sinensis, C. anrantifolia, and C. limonum were extracted from the fresh fruits and freeze dried and stored in the refrigerator for further analysis
Summary
The aim of the current investigation was to identify bioactive secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpinedes, and steroids and compare the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant profile of the juice extracted from the fruits of Citrus sinensis, Citrus anrantifolia, and Citrus limonum. Citrus sinensis belong to the family Rutaceae, which is the most widely grown and commercialized species [2]. C. sinensis is a rich source of sugars, acids, polysaccharides, and many other phytochemicals such as vitamin C and carotenoids, which provided health benefits against various diseases including cardiovascular and cancer diseases [3,4]. Citrus anrantifolia belong to the family Rutaceae and is distributed in tropical and subtropical region. The current finding deals with the comparative phytochemical analysis for the identification of various classes of secondary metabolites and antioxidant profile of juices of C. sinensis, C. anrantifolia, and C. limonum
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