Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) presents a high susceptibility for the attack of pathogens, resulting in low productivity of seeds. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of safflower seeds submitted to different treatments. The experiment was conducted in the Floricultural Sector and in the Didactic and Seed Research Laboratory, in completely randomized design, with 4x9 (lots of seeds and treatment of seeds), with four repetitions. The lots of seeds were cultivated in the crop 2017/2018, the sowing occurred in the first fortnight of each season of the year (autumn, winter, spring and summer). After collected, the lots were stored in cold chamber with average degree of humidity of 9.0%. The treatments of seeds were constituted by: control, thermotherapy via humid heat, thermotherapy via dry heat, Trichoderma harzianum, chemical fungicide with active ingredients of Carbendazim+Thiram, Metalaxyl-M+Fludioxonil and Carboxin+Thiram, vegetal extracts of Dendranthema grandiflora and of Melia azedaeach. We evaluated the seeds treated by the standard test of germination, length and mass of seedlings, emergence and sanity. We observed that all the tested treatments benefit the safflower culture, promoting improvement in its germination, with efficient establishment of seedlings in the field. At the same time that was carried out the infestation control of the pathogens on the same, among the treatments we highlight the chemical fungicide with active ingredient Carbendazim+Thiram.

Highlights

  • The Carthamus tinctorius L., belonging to Asteraceae family, originated in Asia

  • The experiment was conducted in the period from May to August 2018, in the Floricultural Sector and in the Didactic and Seed Research Laboratory, both from the Phytotechny Department of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), located in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (29o43' S; 53o43' W and altitude of 95m)

  • The treatment of seeds were constituted by Control Sample (Control) without treatment; Physical treatment with thermotherapy via humid heat (PTH): the seeds were packaged in glass Becker of 500 mL containing distilled water and this maintained in thermodigital water-bath device with water warmed at 45 oC 15 min-1

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Summary

Introduction

The Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), belonging to Asteraceae family, originated in Asia. (safflower), belonging to Asteraceae family, originated in Asia It is considered as one of the most antique agricultural cultures, and it is cultivated with different purposes of use, since culinary and textile coloring, medicinal oil and biodiesel extraction, to flower stems for ornamentation (Santos and Silva, 2015; Emongor and Oagile, 2017). In the 1990s, the safflower was introduced in the South region of the country as ornamental plant, in virtue of climate conditions, the great incidence of pathogens in all the productive cycle, had its cultivation reduced gradually (Santos and Silva, 2015; Sampaio et al, 2017) This species presents itself as an alternative of cultivation in the country, requiring economic-scientific investment for the increase of seed productivity, with phytosanitary quality

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