Aqueous Extracts of Plants on the Physiological and Sanitary Quality of Chenopodium Quinoa Seeds as an Alternative to Conventional Seed Treatment

Geovana Facco Barbieri,Ubirajara Russi Nunes,José Cardoso Sobrinho,Angelo Lorensi Leivas,Janete Denardi Munareto,Janine Farias Menegaes,Henrique Fernando Lidório,José Domingos Jacques Leão

doi:10.5296/jas.v8i2.15848

Geovana Facco Barbieri, Ubirajara Russi Nunes + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i2.15848

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Abstract

This work evaluated the effect of aqueous plant extracts from chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev), cinnamon (Melia azedarach L.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the physiological and sanitary quality of germinating Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) seeds, as an alternative to seed treatment. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions in the year 2018. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2×10 factorial scheme (two lots of quinoa seeds × ten doses of concentrated plant extracts), with four replicates each. The quinoa seeds were exposed to the plant extracts separately for ten minutes by submersion at the concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10%. The variables evaluated were germination, first germination count, field emergence, germination and emergence speed index, seedling length and sanity. The aqueous plant extracts of Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev, Melia azadarach L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. used in the quinoa seed treatment raised the emergence speed and the fungi control of these seeds within the variations and situations of each batch. The D. grandiflora extract, in all concentrations used, improved seed germination index, obtaining the highest rate of 70% in seeds treated with 5% concentration compared to the control treatment, which obtained 59%. M. azedarach (10% concentration) is the best treatment for emergence speed improvement, while S. aromaticum (10% concentration) provides the highest control of pathogens: 28% in relation to the control treatment that obtained 75%. These results highlighted the viability of the use of these species with low toxicity to man and the environment as treatment of quinoa seeds.

Highlights

The Chenopodium quinoa Willd is a pseudo cereal from the Chenopodiaceae family, native to the Andes mountains and introduced in Brazil during the 90s
This work evaluated the effect of aqueous plant extracts from chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev), cinnamon (Melia azedarach L.) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the physiological and sanitary quality of germinating Chenopodium quinoa Willd seeds, as an alternative to seed treatment
The D. grandiflora extract, in all concentrations used, improved seed germination index, obtaining the highest rate of 70% in seeds treated with 5% concentration compared to the control treatment, which obtained 59%

Summary

Introduction

The Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) is a pseudo cereal from the Chenopodiaceae family, native to the Andes mountains and introduced in Brazil during the 90s. In Brazil, low production levels have so far constrained the growing and trading of this pseudo cereal, demanding a considerable amount of imports in order to meet the national demand (Borges et al, 2010). Quinoa seeds display fast germination in high-rainfall environments and no dormancy (Spehar and Santos, 2002), allowing its cultivation on commercial scale. Quinoa seeds are susceptible to pathogens attacks and the diseases resulted therein. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria and Fusarium are among the most relevant and prevalent ones, with high potential to affect the development of the plants and, the yield of quinoa seeds (Silva, 2009)

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