Abstract
Injuries are common during sports and exercise. In addition to medication, physical exercise and massage therapy, rehabilitation specialists use a variety of physical modalities to reduce pain, facilitate healing and restore function. These include the use of therapies such as cold, heat, light, ultrasound, extra corporeal shock wave and electrical stimulation. However, if used in an incorrect manner these modalities can cause further harm and delay healing. Hence proper usage is important to maximize benefits and avoid harmful effects. This narrative review will discuss the different physical modalities and techniques, together with their indications, contraindications and techniques of usage.
Highlights
Injuries are common during sport and exercise, and they are classified as either acute or overuse injuries
Dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains, contusions and concussions are considered as acute injuries, while rotator cuff tendonitis, iliotibial band friction syndrome, popliteus tendonitis, patellar tendonitis, achilles tendonitis, medial and lateral epicondylitis, are some examples of overuse injuries [1]
Physical exercise and massage therapy, rehabilitation specialists use a variety of physical modalities such as cold, heat, light, ultrasound, extra corporeal shock wave and electrical stimulation to reduce pain, facilitate healing and restore function [2]
Summary
Injuries are common during sport and exercise, and they are classified as either acute or overuse injuries. Physical exercise and massage therapy, rehabilitation specialists use a variety of physical modalities such as cold, heat, light, ultrasound, extra corporeal shock wave and electrical stimulation to reduce pain, facilitate healing and restore function [2]. Cold Cold treatment or ice therapy is used to reduce blood flow, excessive inflammation and reduce swelling of an injured joint or muscle [2].
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