Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships between ten Hordeum vulgare L. , seven cultivars (Giza 123, Giza 126, Giza 127, Giza 128, Giza 129, Giza 130 and Giza 2000) and three landraces from Sinai (El-Kheroba, El-Sheikh Zuwaid, and Wadi Sedr) were carried out using two molecular genetic markers (RAPD-PCR and ISSR-PCR). The genetic distance between Ten genotype was also estimated from banding patterns Twenty two random primers were used in RAPD revealed 316 bands while 159 bands were detected of ISSR analysis using 10 primers. RAPD analysis among ten genotypes showed 41.77% polymorphism, while ISSR analysis showed 62.02% polymorphism. It was found that, ISSR was a more viable marker than RAPD in the detection of the genetic variability among Hordeum vulgare (barley) varieties. The genetic distance tree was detected using UPGMA based on both molecular markers (RAPD and ISSR) and analysis of combined data.In addition, the Band Shearing index (BSI) factor was calculated shows a marked difference between the ten genotypes, seven cultivars and three landraces of studied Hordeum vulgare where BSI average reach 1.42% with RAPD markers while reaching 0.93 % in ISSR. The obtained data indicated that both RAPD and ISSR markers are efficient in identification and differentiation between selected taxa, but the efficiency of ISSR was the best one. Also, the present results, enhancing the available knowledge of Hordeum vulgare genetic resources in Egypt, which may contribute to their conservation and utilization in breeding programs.
Highlights
The genus Hordeum L. includes 30 species of annual and perennial grasses; the cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main cereals of the belt of the Mediterranean agriculture and a founder crop of Old World Neolithic food production (Harlan and Zohary, 1966). phylogenetic relationships is important in the conservation and restoration of biodiversity of wild germplasm (Wang et al, 2009).Recently, genetic markers, which evaluate diversity at the molecular level, were proposed to assess genetic variability
positive unique markers (PUM) were characterized by 8 primers from 22 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers while negative unique markers (NUMs) were recorded by 10 primers from 22 RAPD primers used in this investigation
The value of the Band Sharing Index (BSI) of genotypes, cultivars, and landraces was calculated in presence of RAPD marker and the results showed that Band Shearing index (BSI) has a higher percentage (1.42%) as compared with that was recorded in Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) (0.93).; indicating more DNA variation appears with the use of ISSR (Tables 4 & 5)
Summary
The genus Hordeum L. includes 30 species of annual and perennial grasses; the cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the main cereals of the belt of the Mediterranean agriculture and a founder crop of Old World Neolithic food production (Harlan and Zohary, 1966). Genetic markers, which evaluate diversity at the molecular level, were proposed to assess genetic variability. DNA based molecular markers help plant breeders to directly evaluate genetic variation among relatives without the effect of environmental factors (Nguyen et al, 2004). Several molecular markers were used to evaluate the extent of genetic variability, such include Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Yu et al., 2002 and Mylonas et al, 2014), Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) (Brantestam et al., 2004; El-Atroush et al, 2015; Goyat et al, 2016 and Sharma et al, 2016)
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