Abstract
Most strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) cultivars used in Brazil are developed in other countries, it became clear the need to start the strawberry breeding program in the country. To start a breeding program is necessary the genetic characterization of the germplasm available. Molecular markers are important tools that can be used for this purpose. The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic similarity among 11 strawberry cultivars using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers and to indicate the possible promising crosses. The DNA of the eleven strawberry cultivars was extracted and amplified by PCR with RAPD and ISSR primers. The DNA fragments were separated in agarose gel for the RAPD markers and in polyacrylamide gel for the ISSR markers. The genetic similarity matrix was estimated by the Jaccard coefficient. Based on this matrix, the cultivars were grouped using the UPGMA method. The dendogram generated by the RAPD markers distributed the cultivars in three groups while the ISSR markers generated two groups. There was no direct relationship between the marker groups when the two types of markers were compared. The grouping proposed by the ISSR markers was more coherent with the origin and the genealogy of the cultivars than that proposed by the RAPD markers, and it can be considered the most efficient method for the study of genetic divergence in strawberry. The most promising crosses, based on the genetic divergence estimated from the RAPD and ISSR molecular data were between the Tudla and Ventana and the Oso Grande and Ventana cultivars, respectively.
Highlights
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) is greatly appreciated all over the world
Most strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) cultivars used in Brazil are developed in other countries, it became clear the need to start the strawberry breeding program in the country
The objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic similarity among 11 strawberry cultivars using Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and ISSR molecular markers and to indicate the possible promising crosses
Summary
The largest producers and consumers are first world countries such as the United States of America, Spain, Italy and Japan. In these countries there are breeding programs focused on yield and shelf-life increase, and pest and disease resistance (Camargo and Passos, 1993). In tropical countries, such as Brazil, the cultivars used have been, on the whole, imported from temperate countries, which have a different climate. The germplasm characterization by DNA based molecular markers allows a better understanding of genetic variability This is due to the determination of the level of genetic divergence and the molecular pattern of each cultivar. With these data the breeder can plan crosses using molecular and field data which can result in the development of superior cultivars more quickly and economically (Lörz and Wenzel, 2005)
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