以RAPD、ISSR分子標誌探討台灣大蒜品種（系）間之遺傳相關性

Abstract

The present study utilizes RAPD and ISSR molecular markers to analyze the genetic variations among 80 garlic accessions, including 50 collected by Yi-chiu, Tainan DAIS, 17 from TARI and 11 from china. In the RAPD analysis, 17 primers amplified 59 clearly scored markers. Among these, 23 markers were specific only in outgroup and 36 markers showed polymorphism among garlic accessions, with an average of 2.1 markers per marker. In the ISSR analysis, 37 markers were generated by 9 primers. Among them, 25 were polymorphic among garlic accessions and another 12 were outgroup specific. On average, each primer generated 2.78 markers. The genetic similarities among 80 garlic accessions, calculated by the data from 59 RAPD markers, ranged from 0.16 to 1.0. All garlic accessions can be grouped into three by the cluster analysis. The first group contain most Taiwan landraces and some Indonesian accessions and show complete similarities among them. Some Taiwan varieties, ie. ‘New Black Leaf’, ‘Feng Shan Sel. No2’and bolting type are grouped with Easter Taiwan Type in the second group. Also included in the same group are accessions from southern China. Garlics collected from Northern china are clustered in the third group together with accessions from the Philippines and India. The grouping corresponds to the accessions sources and harvest uses. In the principle component analysis, the first two component could explain 79.6% of variability and the two dimension distribution depicts the same results from cluster analysis. In the ISSR analysis, 37 polymorphic markers were generated from 46 garlic accessions and leek and green onion on check. The results from cluster analysis also group all garlics into three most Taiwan garlics in the first two group. The Large black Leaf type forms the first group while He-Mei, the Small black Leaf type, bolting type and some Easter type constitute the second, and the largest group. The third group could lie further divided into two groups, one comprising southern China accessions and one comprising northern China accessions. Both ISSR and RAPD markers could separate Taiwan garlics from China garlics. Some results are shared by both markers and indicated that high genetic similarities exis some landraces of the same uses. And genetic variation of garlic for leaf use is greater than that for bulb use. The field investigations of garlic plants indicate that the germplasms of Taiwan comprise more of hard leaf type than soft leaf type and more of early and medium maturity type than late type.