Abstract
Photonic crystal (PhC) is a composite material, which demonstrated multiple light scattering phenomena due to different refractive indices. In preparation of PhC at least two periodic dielectric materials with different refractive indices are needed. This material can be used in various fields of optoelectronics. In this article, the characteristics of various PhC with their applications are reviewed. The photonic crystals can have different crystal structures but the most important characteristic is photonic strength. The band gap is very crucial to make optimum devices to control light.
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