Photocatalytic removal of selenite and selenate species: effect of EDTA and other process variables

Abstract

TiO2-assisted photocatalysis was employed for the removal of aqueous phase selenite and selenate species in conjunction with EDTA as a hole (h+) scavenger. Findings from the binary selenite/EDTA and selenate/EDTA systems showed high selenite and selenate removal at pH 4 and pH 6, with faster removal kinetics noted for the selenite species compared with the selenate species that showed a gradual change over the reaction course. The noted removal of selenite and selenate was attributed to their reduction by the conduction band electrons (e−). The effect of pH studies indicated high selenite, selenate, and EDTA removal in the acidic pH range, with the following specific trend: pH 4>pH 6>pH 12. Different from the EDTA studies, the use of thiocyanate alone did not initiate reduction of selenium oxyanions, and hence, its role as a hole scavenger in the present systems was not evident. However, the addition of EDTA to respective selenite/selenate/thiocyanate system at pH 4 did yield near complete removal of selenite and selenate species. The marginal role of thiocyanate as a hole scavenger was attributed to its negligible adsorption onto TiO2 surface. Furthermore, at pH 4 and within 3 h reaction time, enhanced selenate removal was noted with an increase in its initial concentration from 20 to 100 ppm, with near complete selenate removal noted for both cases. In general, findings from the present work indicate that both selenite and selenate can be successfully removed from the aqueous phase employing the TiO2-mediated photocatalysis and h+-scavenging agent EDTA.