Abstract
Phenol is toxic organic compounds that harmful to humans, mammals, and disrupt the aquatic environment, especially higher-organisms in fresh-water environment. The biodegradation method using bacteria to degrade hazardous chemical and detoxify wastewater is an effective and efficient method. Bacillus cereus IrC2 isolated from sludge in an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Rungkut – East Java, Indonesia has been examined for the ability to degrade phenols in minimal salt medium. Bacillus cereus IrC2 is Gram-positive bacterium. This bacterium is motile, rod-shaped and its nucleotides sequence of 16S rRNA gene has been sequenced and can be accessed in GenBank with accession number MK511840. Bacillus cereus IrC2 is capable to use phenol up to 400 ppm as the sole carbon source to grow for 48 hours incubation. Phenol degrades 96% from initial concentration. Degradation of phenol was calculated by colorimetric method using 4-aminoantipyrine reagent and confirmed by GC MS analysis. The aerobic degradation of phenol pathways consists of three steps; in the first step, two hydroxyl groups are inserted into aromatic ring and catalyzed by mono or dioxygenase to produce dihydroxy aromatic compounds which are mostly catechols. Catechol enters the next step of aromatic ring cleavage catalyzed by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and/or catechol 2,3- dioxygenase. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene of Bacillus cereus IrC2 has been amplified by PCR and cloned into pTA2 vector. The cloned plasmid (pTA2-catE) was transformed into E. coli DH5α and selected blue-white colonies. The insert sequence was determined by Sanger deoxy sequencing method. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene nucleotides sequence of Bacillus cereus IrC2 was submitted nto GenBank with accession number MK561609.
Highlights
Phenol is a toxic organic compound that harmful for human, mammals and disturbs aquatic environment especially higher freshwater organisms as a result of improper treatment by a variety of industrial waste [1] and listed as priority pollutant by EPA [2].Phenols are used in resin synthesis, oil and petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and leather processing industries [3]
Bacillus cereus IrC2 were isolated from mire of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Rungkut - East Java, Indonesia
The results show that these bacteria nucleotide sequences (95%) have closest similarity with Bacillus cereus strain DFT-5 on NCBI data using the Blastn program
Summary
Phenol is a toxic organic compound that harmful for human, mammals and disturbs aquatic environment especially higher freshwater organisms as a result of improper treatment by a variety of industrial waste [1] and listed as priority pollutant by EPA [2]. Phenols are used in resin synthesis, oil and petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and leather processing industries [3]. Phenol-contained wastewater improper treatment from those industries before its release to environment could heavily contaminated soil, water and groundwater [4]. The development of proper industrial wastewater treatment to remove phenol compound is important. There are several methods to degrade phenol from wastewater such as adsorption, extraction, electrodialysis, and ozonation which are grouped as physicochemical methods [3] and the biodegradation method used microorganism including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae to degrade hazard chemicals and detoxify wastewater [5]. Biodegradation method is suiter e-ISSN:2527-7669 for large volumes wastewater treatment because it is costly effective [6]
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