Abstract
This paper reports the use of Fraunhofer in-line electron holography to visualize an undecagold cluster, which has been virtually invisible by conventional bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), by taking advantage of the coherent electron beam of high brightness from a 200 kV cold field-emission gun and thus making the full use of phase contrast and avoiding radiation damage. Theoretical and experimental investigations of contrast of an in-line hologram show that phase contrast can be maximized by using an appropriate defocusing distance according to the wavelength of illuminating electrons and the size of the object. A parameter termed Fresnel number is found to be important in considering the optimum experimental conditions, especially when in-line electron holography is applied to weak-phase objects.
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