Abstract
New lead‐free perovskite solid solution ceramics of (1 − x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–xBa(Ni1/2Nb1/2)O3[(1−x)BNT–xBNN,x = 0.02–0.06) were prepared and their dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were investigated as a function of the BNN content. The X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the addition of BNN has induced a morphotropic phase transformation from rhombohedral to pseudocubic symmetry approximately at x = 0.045, accompanying an evolution of dielectric relaxor behavior as characterized by enhanced dielectric diffuseness and frequency dispersion. In the proximity of the ferroelectric rhombohedral and pseudocubic phase coexistence zone, the x = 0.045 ceramics exhibited optimal piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling properties of d33~121 pC/N and kp~0.27 owing to decreased energy barriers for polarization switching. However, further addition of BNN could cause a decrease in freezing temperatures of polar nanoregions till the coexistence of nonergodic and ergodic relaxor phases occurred near room temperature, especially for the x = 0.05 sample which has negligible negative strains and thus show the maximum electrostrain of 0.3% under an external electric field of 7 kV/mm, but almost vanished piezoelectric properties. This was attributed to the fact that the induced long‐range ferroelectric order could reversibly switch back to its original ergodic state upon removal of external electric fields.
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