Pharmacological Properties and Chemical Profiles of Passiflora foetida L. Extracts: Novel Insights for Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals

Annalisa Chiavaroli,Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan,Maria Chiara Ciferri,Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally,Paola Angelini,Simonetta Cristina Di Simone,Sheila Leone,Ouattara Katinan Etienne,Roberto Venanzoni,Giustino Orlando,Giancarlo Angeles Flores,Claudio Ferrante,Luigi Brunetti,Lucia Recinella,Luigi Menghini,József Jekõ ,Güneş Ak ,Zoltán Cziaky ,Bibi Sharmeen Jugreet ,Gökhan Zengin

doi:10.3390/pr8091034

Abstract

In the present study, Passiflora foetida extracts characterized by different polarities were studied for their phytochemical profile, enzyme inhibitory, and antioxidant potentials. In silico, in vitro and ex vivo studies were also carried out on methanol and water extracts for predicting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In this regard, neuronal HypoE22 cells, isolated mouse skin tissues, and pathogen dermatophytes strains were exposed to extracts. Emphasis was given to the preventing effects induced by the extracts on hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), l-dopa, and serotonin. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of similar compounds in infusion and methanolic extracts. The ex vivo studies also showed protective skin properties by P. foetida water and methanol extracts, as evidenced by the decrease of hydrogen peroxide-induced PGE2 level. Additionally, the blunting effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced l-dopa levels are consistent with the anti-tyrosinase effect exerted by both extracts. In silico studies demonstrated the affinity of extracts’ phytochemicals, namely apigenin, chrysoeriol, loliolide, luteolin, quercetin, and vitexin, towards cyclo-oxygenase-2 and tyrosinase. Finally, microbiological tests demonstrated the efficacy of P. foetida methanol and water extracts as anti-mycotic agents against Trichophyton and Arthroderma species, involved in skin inflammation. Hence, P. foetida L. extracts could represent potential sources of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

Highlights

The genus Passiflora belongs to the Passifloraceae family and the members of this genus have a great interest in their therapeutic properties against anxiety and irritability [1]
Emphasis was given to the preventing effects induced by the extracts on the alterations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), l-dopa, and serotonin levels following oxidative stress stimulus challenging
Among all proteins identified by the bioinformatics analysis, we focused our attention on selected enzymes, namely AChE, cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, tyrosinase, and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A

Summary

Introduction

The genus Passiflora belongs to the Passifloraceae family and the members of this genus have a great interest in their therapeutic properties against anxiety and irritability [1]. Many studies have focused on the analysis of the phytocompounds revealing the presence of alkaloids, phenols, glycosyl flavonoids, and cyanogenic compounds [4]. The members of this genus contained important phytochemicals such as β-carbolines, harmala alkaloids, coumarins, maltol, phytosterols, and cyanogenic glycosides. They have been reported to be rich in phenolic compounds, amino acid α-alanine, and organic acids, including butyric, linoleic, formic, oleic, malic, linolenic, myristic, and palmitic acids [5] as well as d-fructose, d-glucose and raffinose [6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion