Abstract

In the present study, Passiflora foetida extracts characterized by different polarities were studied for their phytochemical profile, enzyme inhibitory, and antioxidant potentials. In silico, in vitro and ex vivo studies were also carried out on methanol and water extracts for predicting pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In this regard, neuronal HypoE22 cells, isolated mouse skin tissues, and pathogen dermatophytes strains were exposed to extracts. Emphasis was given to the preventing effects induced by the extracts on hydrogen peroxide-induced alterations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), l-dopa, and serotonin. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of similar compounds in infusion and methanolic extracts. The ex vivo studies also showed protective skin properties by P. foetida water and methanol extracts, as evidenced by the decrease of hydrogen peroxide-induced PGE2 level. Additionally, the blunting effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced l-dopa levels are consistent with the anti-tyrosinase effect exerted by both extracts. In silico studies demonstrated the affinity of extracts phytochemicals, namely apigenin, chrysoeriol, loliolide, luteolin, quercetin, and vitexin, towards cyclo-oxygenase-2 and tyrosinase. Finally, microbiological tests demonstrated the efficacy of P. foetida methanol and water extracts as anti-mycotic agents against Trichophyton and Arthroderma species, involved in skin inflammation. Hence, P. foetida L. extracts could represent potential sources of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

Highlights

  • Passiflora foetida L. popularly known as striking passionflower is a renowned species belonging to the genus Passiflora, with tremendous ethnobotanical applications

  • The chemical profiles of extracts of P. foetida identified in the present study suggest that the plant can be a good source of flavonoids

  • Data were analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by post hoc Newman-Keuls test

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Summary

Introduction

Passiflora foetida L. popularly known as striking passionflower is a renowned species belonging to the genus Passiflora, with tremendous ethnobotanical applications. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition activities were studied and P. foetida extracts characterized by different polarities were analyzed. In vitro and ex vivo studies were carried out on methanol and water extracts in order to predict pharmacokinetics and putative targets underlying traditional and innovative pharmacological applications of P. foetida. In this regard, the multidirectional pharmacological approach focused on the activities of the extracts as protective agents, on neuronal HypoE22 cells and isolated skin tissues, and antimicrobials against selected dermatophyte strains deeply involved in skin inflammation. Emphasis was given to the preventing effects induced by the extracts on the alterations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), l-dopa, and serotonin levels following oxidative stress stimulus (hydrogen peroxide) challenging

Water maceration
Antioxidant abilities of the tested extracts
Enzyme inhibitory properties of the tested extracts
Conclusions
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