PHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS WITH MINERALCORTICOID ACTIVITY IN NEPHROLOGICAL PRACTICE

Abstract

Introduction. Mineralocorticoids mainly affect the exchange of electrolytes, promote retention in the body of sodium, chlorides and water, and accelerate the excretion of potassium, calcium and magnesium. Their synthesis and blood supply are regulated mainly by angiotensin-II, which makes it possible to consider aldosterone as a part of renin-angiotensin-aldosteon system, which ensures the proper state of water-salt metabolism and hemodynamics. 
 The purpose. Consider the relationship of dynamic balance of mineralocorticoids in patients with kidney and adrenal lesions.
 Material and methods. Review of contemporary and foreign literary sources; techniques - description, analysis, abstracting. 
 Results. The pathogenesis of the development and progression of adrenal and kidney damage is closely associated with impaired synthesis, absorption of mineralocorticoids. The glucocorticoid activity of aldosterone roughly corresponds to 1/3 of cortisone. Main target organs of the hormone are salivary glands and kidneys. In the kidneys, aldosterone enhances sodium reabsorption. In pathological cases, the prolonged presence of chlorides and water in the body leads to the development of edema, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypervolemia, arterial hypertension, and sometimes, to the development of congestive heart failure. It poses particular danger in patients with impaired renal function. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCSA) is a synthetic analogue of the Mineralocorticoids of the adrenal cortex. The drug is indicated for rapid-flowing adrenal hypofunction (addisonism), for myasthenia (increases muscle tone and performance), shock and trauma, for hypocorticism. Spironolactone is effective in swelling associated with increased aldosterone production, congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome. Conclusions. Patients with kidney and adrenal lesions may have a violation of mineralocorticoid homeostasis, for the correction of which synthetic mineralocorticoids and their analogues, mineral and glucocorticoid antagonists, are used.