Abstract

The development of new drugs involves an extensive pre-clinical characterization and safety documentation followed by a time-consuming search for appropriate clinical dose levels. Drug development is a time-consuming and costly procedure: The molecule-todrug-time is about 15 years, whereas an investment of about 500 million to 1 billion euro is required to reach registration of a new drug (Campbell 1995; Halldin et al. 2001 a) (Fig. 1). The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) with allied techniques has resulted in a revolutionary change in this respect, as the application of PET in drug development and testing can significantly reduce both molecule-to-drug time and costs (Maziere et al. 1991; Maziere and Delforge 1994; Campbell 1995; Halldin et al. 1995, 2001 a; Farde 1996; Burns et al. 1999; Fowler et al. 1999; Gibson et al. 2000; Eckelman 2002).

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