Abstract
This article is aimed to assess the progress of Islamic and religious studies at State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya throughout the view of new paradigm on Islamic studies. It attempts to seek whether there is a shifting paradigm from parochial Islamic studies to dialogical Islamic studies that could accommodate contemporary social scientific instruments. It is based on one core question, “is the Islamic studies at UIN Sunan Ampel—especially the Department of Comparative Study of Religions—still based on normative-doctrinal studies or based on historical critics?” This paper took four undergraduate theses as a sample, starting from 2011 back to forty years before. Each thesis represents one-decade period. In order to analyze religious studies at the Department of Comparative Study of Religions will be a strategic stage to observe methodological perspective, namely insider-outsider perspective. Having examined all of these theses, this article concludes that Islamic religious studies at the Department of Comparative Study of Religions have not changed at all. It shows signs of stagnating after four decade of teaching religious studies in this department.
Highlights
Artikel ini hendak menilai perkembangan studi Islam di PTAIN (Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri) dari kacamata paradigma baru studi Islam dengan mengambil kasus pada Program Studi Perbandingan Agama Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Ampel, Surabaya
This article is aimed to assess the progress of Islamic and religious studies at State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya throughout the view of new paradigm on Islamic studies. It attempts to seek whether there is a shifting paradigm from parochial Islamic studies to dialogical Islamic studies that could accommodate contemporary social scientific instruments. It is based on one core question, “is the Islamic studies at UIN Sunan Ampel—especially the Department of Comparative Study of Religions—still based on normativedoctrinal studies or based on historical critics?” This paper took four undergraduate theses as a sample, starting from 2011 back to forty years before
Having examined all of these theses, this article concludes that Islamic religious studies at the Department of Comparative Study of Religions have not changed at all
Summary
Beberapa pendekatan ilmiah yang menggeser paradigma lama sehingga kajian Islam keluar dari kungkungan Orientalisme menuju ke arah post-orientalist Islamic studis adalah sebagai berikut: Pendekatan historis, teori kritis, antropologi, dan sosiologi. Mereka adalah para sarjana Islamic studies yang memanfaatkan berbagai teori dan metode baru. Penting untuk dinyatakan di sini bahwa pergeseran paradigma ini sama sekali tidak menghapus berbagai persyaratan ilmu-ilmu keislaman normatif dalam studi Islam. Pendekatan baru yang lain dalam studi Islam adalah pendekatan teori kritis yang dikembangkan oleh Talal Asad. Dengan memanfaatkan metode etnografi yang akrab dalam disiplin antropologi, Knott menyatakan bahwa studi agama bisa dilakukan oleh outsider. Seorang sarjana perlu tinggal bersama, berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan komunitas dan hidup dengan simbol dan aturan main komunitas tersebut agar bisa memahami struktur budaya (agama) dan makna yang dipegang oleh komunitas itu.[18] Studi seperti ini hanya mungkin jika sejak awal seorang sarjana memiliki pengakuan (recognition) dan hormat (respect) terhadap komunitas keagamaan yang ditelitinya. Sebagaimana yang dinyatakan sendiri oleh Kim Knott, “we find ourselves considering the nature and limits of objectivity and subjectivity, ‘emic’ and ‘etic’ positions, ‘experience-near’ and ‘experience-distant’ concepts, empathy and critical analysis, the effect of personal standpoint, and the process of reflexivity”.19
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