Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the risk factors of birth asphyxia in neonates in EL-Minia University Hospital from1 January to 31 December to 2015, to identify leading perinatal risk factors causing birth asphyxia in our locality in order to prevent it. Study design this was a retrospective case - control study. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Minia University Hospital. We studied160 neonates. 80 neonates of them full filled the criteria of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy delivered at 28-41 weeks of gestation from 1 January to 31 December 2015 and admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of El-Minia University Hospitals. In addition to the other 80, neurologically free neonates delivered in the same period included as a control group. Data collected include information about the prenatal period, peripartum period, demographic characteristics, admission and evolution during NICU stay. Results: We found that antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum factors are important risks leading to neonatal encephalopathy. Intrapartum factors were highly associated with birth asphyxia as prolonged 2nd stage first then meconium-stained amniotic fluid and prenatal visits<4 show a statistical significance. Conclusion: The identified risk factors may be useful indicators for defining children at risk of developing hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and helpful for targeting individuals for early intervention programmes.
Highlights
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a syndrome of disturbed neurological function in the early life characterized by clinical and laboratory proof of acute or subacute brain injury [1].Perinatal asphyxia is the major cause of HIE in neonates
Birth asphyxia is a leading reason of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries with an incidence of 100-250/1000 live births compared to 5-10/1000 live births in the developed world [3]
Authors performed a retrospective study of all new borns with HIE admitted at Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in El Minia University hospital
Summary
Perinatal asphyxia is the major cause of HIE in neonates. All pathological conditions that result in prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal hypoxia and tissue hypoperfusion are etiologic factors of HIE [2]. Infections, preterm births and birth asphyxia were the leading causes of neonatal deaths globally [4]. These include low birth weight, low Apgar score, low pH and hemoglobin level [5], as well as delivery by unskilled birth attendants, prolonged second stage of labor, delivery in nongovernmental hospitals, bad antenatal care [6], post- term gestation, vacuum extraction, male sex, and prolapsed cord [7]
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