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Abstract
After the Phase 1 upgrade the Large Hadron Collider is expected to reach an instantaneous luminosity of 2 × 1034cm−2s−1 or higher, resulting in an extreme operating environment for the experiments, particularly their central tracking devices. In order to maintain its current performance level, the CMS pixel detector will be replaced by a more lightweight system with additional instrumentation, better acceptance and refined front-end electronics. The upgraded pixel detector will provide improved track and vertex reconstruction, standalone tracking capabilities, as well as identification of particles with pico-second lifetimes, which will be key elements of many physics analyses with CMS.
Highlights
Detector performanceAt highest envisaged Phase 1 luminosities of 2 × 1034cm−2s−1 with 25 ns bunch spacing, about 40-50 proton interactions per bunch crossing will occur in the CMS detector (“pile-up”), leading to the creation of several thousand particles alltogether
After the Phase 1 upgrade the Large Hadron Collider is expected to reach an instantaneous luminosity of 2 × 1034cm−2s−1 or higher, resulting in an extreme operating environment for the experiments, their tracking devices
In order to reduce dead time in the front-end electronics with high luminosity, an improved readout chip (ROC) design is under development [3]
Summary
At highest envisaged Phase 1 luminosities of 2 × 1034cm−2s−1 with 25 ns bunch spacing, about 40-50 proton interactions per bunch crossing will occur in the CMS detector (“pile-up”), leading to the creation of several thousand particles alltogether. This imposes an unprecedented challenge for the pattern recognition capabilities of the pixel detector. Expected data loss due to ROC dead time has been taken into account for the current and upgraded detector design For the latter, an innermost barrel layer radius of 39 mm has been chosen for the simulation
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