Abstract
The silicon pixel detector is the innermost component of the CMS tracking system and plays a crucial role in the all-silicon CMS tracker. While the current pixel tracker is designed for and performing well at an instantaneous luminosity of up to 1×1034cm−2s−1, it can no longer be operated efficiently at significantly higher values. Based on the strong performance of the LHC accelerator, it is anticipated that peak luminosities of two times the design luminosity are likely to be reached before 2018 and perhaps significantly exceeded in the running period until 2022, referred to as LHC Run 3.Therefore, an upgraded pixel detector, referred to as the phase 1 upgrade, is planned for the year-end technical stop in 2016. With a new pixel readout chip (ROC), an additional fourth layer, two additional endcap disks, and a significantly reduced material budget the upgraded pixel detector will be able to sustain the efficiency of the pixel tracker at the increased requirements imposed by high luminosities and pile-up. The main new features of the upgraded pixel detector will be an ultra-light mechanical design, a digital readout chip with higher rate capability and a new cooling system. These and other design improvements, along with results of Monte Carlo simulation studies for the expected performance of the new pixel detector, will be discussed and compared to those of the current CMS detector.
Highlights
One of the key components for the success of CMS experiment [1] has been the good performance of the pixel detector
Compared to the 3 layers and 2 disks of the current pixel detector, the additional pixel hits will improve the tracking efficiency and vertex resolution that are essential for b-tagging algorithms
The mechanical support and the cooling and electronics services of the upgrade detector are designed to be of lighter weight than the current detector
Summary
One of the key components for the success of CMS experiment [1] has been the good performance of the pixel detector. Throughout the Run 1 data taking period, the pixel detector has operated with more than 96% of the detector functional and with a tracking efficiency of 99% and good spacial resolution [2]. The current pixel detector was designed to operate and perform well at the LHC designed luminosity of 1 × 1034cm−2s−1. The current readout chip (ROC) is estimated, from simulation, to suffer about 16% data loss for the innermost layer at a luminosity of 2×1034cm−2s−1 in a 25 ns bunch spacing operation mode.
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